In terms of social power, (1) Medicine and (2) Weather are one of the most established systems in Hong Kong that can intervene people's lives --- work / study...etc. To put it another way, they have the legitimate authority to interrupt your way of living.
For example, last night the Hong Kong Observatory announced through TV/Radio/Internet that Typhoon Signal No.8 is issued (defined as having sustained wind speed of 63-117 km/hour), and the signal lasted until this morning. Most employers have set rules beforehand such that its employees do not have to return to office to work if this Signal is issued before the start of office hours. The Government's Education Department also announced that, since the Signal is still hoisted in the morning, all classes in the morning will be cancelled, and if the signal is not cancelled before 10:30am, all afternoon classes will also be cancelled. One more example: The Hong Kong Observatory also has some kinda Rain Storm Signals. If a Black Rain Storm Signal is hoisted before office hours, most employees do not have to return to work as well.
Now, if in another country, where there are no such established signals as legitimate points of reference for employers, people would have to go to work no matter how heavy the rain is. Or, if you choose not to go to work due to the heavy rain, you would have to provide justification to show that you have the genuine excuse to not returning to the office.
There are reasons why some country did not establish such signals: (1) perhaps the location does not have typhoon and rain that often; (2) perhaps the government concerned do not have sufficient technology and facilities to do weather forecasting; (3) perhaps the culture does not honor that safety is important.
Put aside weather, let's talk about Medicine. Most countries would agree that health is important. To be exucsed from work/school due to health, proper justification/certification is usually required. When the doctor wrote, "fever --- not fit for work for 2 days", or "diarheea --- not fit for work for this morning," you cannot be blamed by the school/employer!
However, do not take this for granted. Some countries do not honor its medical system. There are cultures that do not trust medical certificates. Even in cultures that DO accept medical certificates, you always see that people go to work even if they are coughing and sniffing for the whole day. And you ask them, "hey it seems like you have TB, why don't you see a doctor and stay home?" They say, "I did, but no choice...I gotta get this project done by tomorrow."
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